It was in Penha Verde, that the earliest remnants of human occupation were discovered: these vestiges testify to an occupation dating to the early Paleolithic. Comparable remnants were discovered in an open-air site in São Pedro de Canaferrim, alongside the chapel of the Castelo dos Mouros (Moorish Castle), date back to the Neolithic, and include decorated ceramics and microlithic flintutensils from the fifth century B.C. Probably, between the fourth and third millennia B.C., the region was occupied (adjacent to the actual village of Sintra) by a Neolithic/Chalcolithic settlement, from the presence of ceramic fragments, whose characteristics were comparable to fortified settlements in Lisbon and Setúbal, as well as many of the comparable late Chalcolithic vases that punctuated the Sintra mountains.
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